Similarities Of Oedipus Rex And Death of A Salesman - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 598 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/30 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Death Of A Salesman Essay Did you like this example? Without a doubt, the plays that were analyzed and deliberated this semester were informative, interesting, and crucial to the present condition and culture of mainstream playwriting. Of the many works that were looked at, Oedipus Rex and Death of a Salesman were two that lent themselves to further evaluation. Within this text, I will be discussing specific examples from both productions that draws comparison between the two. Disconnected by several thousand years of literature, Oedipus Rex and Death of a Salesman seem to share a number of likenesses and characteristics that tie them both together, despite having been written at completely different times in history. At first look, one may ask how these stories could have anything in common; one is about a salesman with suicidal predispositions and the other a king who murdered his father and established a sexual relationship with his mother (book). However, after further consideration, there are underlying themes and foundations that show how each protagonist struggles with internal conflict which eventually leads to their untimely demise; each play shares a protagonist with a tragic flaw. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Similarities Of Oedipus Rex And Death of A Salesman" essay for you Create order In the Greek tragedy, Oedipus Rex is the main character (book). He is important and of noble birth, and reigns as the King of Thebes. However, due to his kingly status, there are events that have occurred in his life that have affected his well-being as well as that of the people of Thebes. King Oedipus fate, unbeknownst to him, has already been determined by the Gods before he was born (book). In Arthur Millerrs classic, Willy Loman is an older gentleman that struggles to accept his fate in a dead-end job and old age. Willy was let go from his job as a salesman and has started to spiral out of control, disappointed with the way his life is turning out (book). Willyrs tragic situation, unlike Oedipus, does not at all impact the country, people, or even city where he lives. The individuals that are immediately affected by Willyrs death are his immediate family members (book). Within the character similarities, there is one major difference. In a Greek tragedy, such as that of Oedipus Rex, the main character is almost always of noble or royal birth. Therefore, the country over while they rule is directly affected and at risk of peril due to the tragic situation of the protagonist. In the modern tragedy, such as Death of a Salesman, the main character is the average individual, with only few impacted by the death or tragedy of the protagonist. Another similarity that can be drawn from each play, is the mental and physical state in which each main character begins and ends their respective plays. In the very opening scene of Oedipus Rex, we see a confused Oedipus at what he sees is happening to the City of Thebes (book). He does not understand why Thebes is in turmoil and this worries Oedipus. Although we as an audience know that Thebes is ultimately in distress due to his fate, Oedipus does not. At the end, we see a now-blind Oedipus overcome with anguish and embarrassment as he realizes now what he has done (book). Comparable to Oedipus introduction, Willy Loman enters confused as well. Willy starts telling his wife, Linda, how all of a sudden he couldnt drive any more (book), and this was worrying him. As mentioned above, Willyrs complications and strife do not directly affect a nation, but his immediate family instead. Closely to Oedipus, Willyrs story also ends in shame; Willy kills himself so that his wife and sons will receive his insurance policy (book).

Government Must Ensure The Protection Of Individual Rights

The words â€Å"power,† â€Å"rules,† â€Å"control,† will probably come up when thinking about government. But, what is government for? Can a society live without any type of government? The government is very important, and it is difficult to keep a society in order without rules. The government is responsible for setting rules and to enforce those rules to equally protect individual rights; to accomplish this, government should be appropriate for the society, be respected by its rulers, and function only as represent for the citizens. In order to ensure the protection of individual rights, the mere existence of government is not enough. It must be appropriate. A government should possess authority to ensure the rules stated are just for the society†¦show more content†¦A governor must be someone prepared for it, who understands the needs of its society and has the capacity to find solutions for them. It is necessary to have just rules to protect individual rights and that is why the efficiency of a government relies on its sense of justice. There should be an appropriate government to meet the needs of every different society. There are a several conditions that a government has to meet to achieve its purpose. The most important quality of government is its ability to impose respect over the people it governs. Respect means to recognize the wisdom and authority of the other. It would make no sense to have a government that the town would not respect, and therefore not obey. It would be like having no government at all. Like the role of the parent in a family, the parent must be respected by the son in order to have the ability to guide and teach him. According to Machiavelli, â€Å"A prince ought to inspire fear in such a way that, if he does not win love, he avoids hatred: because he can endure very well being feared whistle he is not hated, which will be as long as he abstains from the property of his citizens†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (188). In other words, it is better for a government to be feared, than loved. This will ensure the application of the laws. The government must have the authority to be

To bike or not to bike An ethical issue Free Essays

The author worries about his image when biking In Uganda. He is a modern well- equipped and wealthy muggy riding a luxurious mountain bike for pleasure and fitness, while around him poor people of Uganda are busy working for life and using their bikes for ferrying life’s staples. Although struggling with that contrast, he continues his practice of â€Å"luxurious† biking, and tries to present himself as friendly and respectful to surrounding Uganda. We will write a custom essay sample on To bike or not to bike: An ethical issue or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite the struggle of the author, his secretive writing shows that he gets used to looking down at the local people. That is the impression readers get increasingly with reading, and it is especially clear with the last phrase of â€Å"[creating] a culture of I-you instead I-it†. The stakeholders include the author and the local Uganda. It would be better if the former does not pay too much attention on the impact of his appearance, but instead loves the latter as peers, and then keeping his biking practice with a cheaper bikes, cheaper equipments, and using spare money to help the community. Explain Benefits and losses: The author benefits because he still can maintain his bulling practice, In full, with a shiny new mountain bike, and with fully muumuu’s appearance as he wishes. The country of Uganda might benefit because It can potentially keep the author – definitely as a good consumer and perhaps also as a good worker (supposing he is doing some useful Job for the country), in the country for longer. The local Uganda lose because they have to accept in their community a muggy who intrinsically does not recognize the human equality between him and them, and also behaves offensively with his biking. Kind of ethical problem: Character. The author thinks that he should stop biking, but continues doing that nonetheless since he has a pity for himself. When trying to make himself less offensive and more friendly, he perhaps does not recognize that in deep he thinks that local people are lower than him, envy him, and can accept his friendly acts as the signs of good personae. Ethical approach applied: Could be viewed as virtue ethics, as the author focuses on the Image of himself, on what people might think of him because of his biking. Descriptive or Normative: Descriptive. The author describes the situation and his action, but does not attempt to make judgments on why he think such biking is inappropriate, and what other alternatives and their effects are. Justify With his final choice, the author clearly hopes to improve his image in the eyes of Uganda, namely that he is not Just a normal muggy, but a good one who is friendly with everybody. But the last sentence of his description betrays him. It shows that in deep he maintains an I-it relationship with the local peoples, and Just tries to aka that relationship looks like an I-you one. Should he really want to build an I-you relationship, there are some alternative ways of solving his problem. But at first, he should realize that there Is In fact no problem at all with his biking in the eyes of Uganda. As humanity, Uganda understand the differences between Individuals, understand the value of biking for him. Now, suppose that he still wants to gain the love of the people (perhaps an I-thou relationship? L then stopping biking is not the level closer to surrounding people, as said earlier. How to cite To bike or not to bike: An ethical issue, Papers

Dimensions and Antecedents of OCB Literature Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Dimensions and Antecedents of OCB for Literature Analysis. Answer: Introduction As explained by Hakim, et al. (2014, p. 3) organization citizenship behavior was first proposed by Organ in 1998 by listing specific dimensions which include civic virtue, conscientiousness, altruism, courtesy , sportsmanship and. Firms require workers who would be willing to do their work and exceed the predetermined objectives of the organization. OCB is considered essential because it can lead to increased effectiveness of the firm, (Qamar, 2012, p. 105). This report provides the literature review of the dimensions and antecedents of organization citizenship behavior. OCBs are typically individual discretionary activities carried out by employees that are not within their formal job description. They represent the ability of the members of the organization to work efficiently and exceed the described job requirements, (Khurana, et al., 2014, p. 256). There are five dimensions of OCB which have been discussed in this literature review. The Dimensions of OCB This can be explained as the involvement of workers in the enterprise's political life and be supporting in the management roles of the enterprise. It refers to the willingness of workers to take part in the activities of the company such as keeping up with the changes administered by the organizations and going to dispensable meetings of the firm, (Lo Ramayah, 2009, p. 56). This dimension was derived from the findings made by Graham, which stated that workers should have the responsibility of being great citizens of the firm, ( Bukhari, 2008, p. 107). These behaviors therefore accurately reflect the workers recognition of becoming part of the enterprise and accept every responsibility within the organization Civic virtue among the employees enables the organization to obtain effectiveness. This is because the employees will be able to offer the management with several suggestions for improvement. Employees will also be willing to adapt positively to changes within the firm, (Khurana, et al., 2014, p. 257). It is more likely to result in a purposeful contribution to the success of the business among the employees than other dimensions. Conscientiousness is the ability of workers to go beyond the standard requirements of the firm, regarding job performance, obedience to the rules of the business and attendance. The workers who exhibit this type of discretionary behavior would be willing to attend to their duties daily without delay, (DiPaola Tsachannen, 2014, p. 425). Conscientiousness may also mean strict observance of the set rules and regulations within the organization. It is believed that conscientiousness is the mindfulness to be involved in the organization systems. Employees who are fully willing to be part of the operations of the firm, contribute to the team performance and effectiveness as they will be prepared to work correctly, (Jiao et al., 2011, p. 15). Individuals can, therefore, be grouped into lower conscientious, conscientious, more conscientious and high conscientious, (Bergeron-Gadot Beeri, 2012, p. 8). The top conscientious employees are usually more persistent in conducting their duties whether or not there could be an additional benefit or reward. Higher performance is linked to higher conscientiousness, while lower values are connected to lower conscientiousness. Altruism entails discretionary behaviors that are associated with the willingness of a worker to assist a coworker. It can also be referred to as selflessness of a worker towards the success of an enterprise, (Al-zubi, 2011, p. 221). Employees who are willing to help their fellow employees whom they work with are referred to as altruists, (Lee Kim, 2015, p. 154). Employees may be absent from their workplaces due to sickness, stress caused by loss of a relative or other commitments. When such employees are absent, their fellow workers who are willing to take their part for that day are altruists. Altruism, therefore, encompasses being mindful to others, helping workers with heavy workloads, helping new recruits to adjust appropriately in their jobs, and motivating fellow workers in the workplace, (Yadav Punia, 2012, p. 15). Socially developed values that emphasize on elevating organizations values over the individual interests of workers encourage altruism. Altruism, therefore, contributes to organizational effectiveness by promoting cooperation within the business, whereby employees perform their duties in unison. According to Vigoda-Gadot Beeri (2012, p. 578), it is a citizenship behavior geared towards improving the performance of the workers and making the employees understand that the organization's objectives are supreme than personal interests. Human resource management involves recruitment, training, motivation, appraisal and promotion of employees among other duties. In these steps, employees may feel demotivated and demoralized. A good example is a new employee. Some employees find their assignments challenging and difficult to execute, (Yadav Punia, 2012, p. 15). Whenever employees feel discouraged with a particular job, their fellow workers should always encourage them. This is a courtesy. Courtesy, therefore, includes behavior which aims at preventing problems in the firm and taking appropriate steps to lessen the effects of particular challenges in future, ( Bukhari, 2008, p. 109). It also encompasses members of a firm helping fellow workers in their duties, whenever they experience problems. Altruism is tightly attached to performance analysis and positive affectivity, ( Bukhari, 2008, p. 109). Early research has indicated that subordinates who practice courtesy may help in solving conflicts in the organization. In 1988, Organ defined this dimension as the demonstration of tolerance to the irritations that may arise within the organization. In many occasions, employees get irritated by certain conditions, (Jiao et al., 2011, p. 21). These circumstances may include a change in organization strategies, a distraction from colleagues and unfavorable work conditions, (Yadav Punia, 2012, p. 16). These irritations usually form part of every organization setting. Sportsmanship would, therefore, improve the morale of the workers and eliminate the chances of employee turnover as well. Organ identified four personality traits that relate to organization citizenship behavior. These included neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeability, (Lo Ramayah, 2009, p. 48). Personality has a critical positive effect on OCB. This means that employees will execute their roles and exceed the standards laid down by the enterprise, ( Bukhari, 2008, p. 109). When the employees take their work seriously and become accommodative to change, employees can work with motivation. Workers who are collaborative and able to help their co-workers exhibit positive personality, (Bukhari, 2008, p. 109). Emotional stability is also another attribute of character that encourages OCB. The traditional indicators of OCB encompass organizational commitment, job satisfaction, motivation, employee engagement, and the level of trust existing between the employees, the supervisors, and co-workers. Whenever the employees are comfortable in their workplace, they exhibit job satisfaction, (Al-zubi, 2011, p. 221). Job satisfaction ensures the employees are motivated with their job positions and able to work with ease to exceed the set standards, (Bergeron et al., 2013, p. 80). Organizational commitment is also an essential attribute of attitude that encourages OCB. Firms which are fully committed to exceeding the objectives and goals they set usually contribute to effectiveness. Leadership styles encourage OCB. Leadership can be instrumental, transformational or supportive, (DiPaola Tschannen, 2014, p. 442). Instrumental leadership supports role clarity among the employees which in turn makes them more motivated to work, (Qamar, 2012, p. 111). The supervisors should always notify the subordinates the expectations required of them. This enables the workers to perform with a view of meeting the set expectations. Supportive leadership is where the leader is concerned with the affairs of the employees, supporting them to realize the objectives of the firm. It contains some aspects of altruism, (Vigoda-Gadot Beeri, 2012, p. 581). This leadership style revolves around ensuring that the well-being of the workers has appropriately been considered. On the other hand, transformational leadership encourages motivation in the organization. The employees get inspired and supported by the supervisors, (Jiao et al., 2011, p. 23). In this type of leadership, there are alw ays high-performance expectations by the leaders. A group encompasses a collection of employees who are aimed at achieving a common objective within the organization. Groups which are cohesive can improve the organizational effectiveness, (Al-zubi, 2011, p. 160). The team members in such groups will also be willing to remain in the groups. Team members must be supportive of each other, (Qamar, 2012, p. 121). Group potency usually improves group cooperation and generate strength. Whenever an organization is team-oriented, it formulated team-oriented strategies. The effectiveness of the individual teams is, therefore, critical in ensuring. Group traits are therefore important determinants of organization citizenship behavior. Conclusion The antecedents and dimensions of organization citizenship behavior have been satisfactorily discussed in this literature review. Some dimensions of OCB include sportsmanship, courtesy, conscientiousness, civic virtue, and altruism. These aspects contribute to the firms' effectiveness when exhibited by employees in executing their duties. Antecedents of OCB include the attitude of employees, personality, leadership traits and group characteristics. These antecedents encourage OCB making the workers perform beyond the organizations expectations. References. Al-Zubi, H.A., 2011. Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Impacts on Knowledge Sharing: An Empirical Study. International business Research, 4(3), p.221. Bergeron, D.M., Shipp, A.J., Rosen, B. Furst, S.A., 2013. Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Career Outcomes: The Cost of Being a Good Citizen. Journal of Management, 39(4), pp.958-984. Bukhari, Z. u., 2008. Key Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the Banking Sector of Pakistan. International Journal of b Business Management, December, 3(12), pp. 106-115. DiPaola, M. Tschannen-Moran, M., 2014. Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Schools and its Relationship to School Climate. Journal of School Leadership, 11(5), pp.424-447. Hakim, W., Nimran, U., Haerani, S. Alam, S., 2014. The Antecedent of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and their Effect on Performance. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-GBM), February, 16(2), pp. 5-13. Jiao, C., Richards, D.A. Zhang, K., 2011. Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: OCB-specific Meanings as Mediators. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(1), pp.11-25. Khurana, R., Singh, V. K. Khandelwal, S., 2014. Key Antecedents of Organization Citizenship Behavior. The International Journal of Business Management, May, 2(5), pp. 256-263. Lee, U.H. Kim, H.K., 2015. Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Role of Leader-member Exchange. Journal of Digital Convergence, 13(1), pp.151-162. Lo, M.-C. Ramayah, T., 2009. Dimensionality of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) in a Multicultural Society. Journal of International Business Research, January, 2(1), pp. 48-55. Qamar, N., 2012. Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4(7), pp.103-122. Sharma, J.P., Bajpai, N. Holani, U., 2011. Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Public and Private Sector and its Impact on Job Satisfaction: A Comparative Study in Indian Perspective. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(1), p.67. Vigoda-Gadot, E. Beeri, I., 2012. Change-oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Public Administration: The power of Leadership and the Cost of Organizational Politics. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22(3), pp.573-596. Yadav, P. Punia, B.K., 2012. Organisational Citizenship Behavior: A Review of Antecedent, Correlates, Outcomes and Future Research Directions. International Journal of Human Potential Development, 2(2), pp.01-19.

Physical Geography Of Saskatchewan Essays - Canadian Prairies

Physical Geography of Saskatchewan Physical Geography of Saskatchewan Introduction Saskatchewan is situated in the central Prairie between Alberta on the west and Manitoba on the east. Its neighbour on the north is the North West Territories, and on the south it borders with the United States. Saskatchewan is rectangular in shape--it is the only Canadian province none of whose borders was determined by the landform feature like river or mountain range. The province is located in the Central Standard Time and doesn't switch on Daylight Saving Time in summer. The population of Saskatchewan is around one million people with the area of 651 900 km2. Physical and Natural Description Geologic History--Land Formation, Types of Rocks, and Minerals The northeastern part of Saskatchewan is a part of the Canadian Shield that was formed during Precambrian era and features some of the oldest rocks in the world. The border that separates the Canadian Shield from the rest of the province runs across Saskatchewan from south-east to north-west. This part of the province was formed during Precambrian era and contains igneous and metamorphic rocks. From the minerals found in that part of the Shield the most abundant and the most important for Saskatchewan is the metallic mineral uranium that can be used for building the nuclear reactors or exported to the other countries. The rest of the province, except for the extreme southwest which is occupied by the Hills, is situated on the Saskatchewan Plain which is a part of the Interior Plains that are, in turn, part of the Great Plains of North America. This part was formed under water when the mountains of the Canadian Shield eroded and deposited on the bottom of the shallow seas that it was surrounded by. The process was completed during the Mesozoic era. This part is relatively flat with gently rolling hills and occasional valleys. The most important minerals that are found in this area composed of soft and hard sedimentary rock are the non-metallic minerals like potash which is widely used as a fertilizer and some oil. Major Landform Features The major landform feature of the province is the escarpment created by erosion that separates Saskatchewan Plain from Alberta Plain and Manitoba Plain. Except for the Cypress Hills near the U.S. border, Saskatchewan lies on a plain. Its landscape is not absolutely flat--Saskatchewan is the province of gently rolling rounded hills. Climate Saskatchewan is a part of the two climatic regions: Prairie on the south and Boreal on the north. The climatic characteristics of both are somewhat similar, but there are certain differences. For example, being situated farther north the Boreal region has colder winters and cooler summers. Both regions receive little precipitation, but the Prairie region tends to be drier than Boreal. Saskatchewan climate is sharply continental. Since there is no mountain range on the north or on the south, the province is open to both cold Arctic air masses and warm air coming from the Gulf of Mexico. This results in long cold winters and hot summers. The annual temperature range in Saskatchewan, therefore, is one of the highest in Canada. There is very little precipitation in Saskatchewan because the air that is brought to the province from the Pacific coast is dry--it loses all its moisture before it crosses the mountain range in form of relief precipitation. The air that comes from the other directions is also dry. Thus, not only does Saskatchewan have little precipitation, it also receives more sunshine than any other province. The Saskatchewan town of Estevan--a "sunshine capital" of Canada --gets 2540 hours of sunshine per year. No description of Saskatchewan climate will be complete without mentioning of the blizzards--prairie storms with winds of ~11m/s that can last for six hours or more. It is most likely to occur in February, in southwestern Saskatchewan. Right after those storms the transportation and communication systems are disrupted, so the whole cities can be paralyzed for several days. Soil and Natural Vegetation. Vegetation Regions. Saskatchewan has three natural vegetation regions--the grassland, the parkland, and the boreal forest. Each one has different soil and different natural vegetation. The very south of Saskatchewan is occupied by the grassland--the driest area of the province and one of the driest in the country--where only grass can grow. The general trend is that the more precipitation the area receives the taller the grass that can grow in that area. The trees can only grow near the rivers so that they can get enough moisture. Another vegetation region of the province is the parkland that separates the grassland and the boreal forest. This area is covered with trees--deciduous trees grow in the southern part, while the coniferous trees occupy

Chemistry Lab related to growing plants essays

Chemistry Lab related to growing plants essays I predict that the plants grown with the Expert Gardener grow faster however, the plants grown with the compost will be healthier to eat eventually when beans start to grow. The plants grown in just regular soil will grow but not as fast as the compost nor the Expert Gardener (fertiliser). The fertiliser will have the most developed plants and - Peelings of 3 potatoes (small ones) - Seeds and ends of one green pepper - Tops and roots off of 6 green onions - 3 egg cartons (containing room for 12 eggs each) - Expert Gardener (a type of fertiliser to make the plant grow faster) - Labs to label the egg cartons pots Step 1: Prepare the compost in a medium sized bucket. Mix together tea bags, carrots, potatoes, green pepper, green onions, celery, egg shell, apples, coffee grinds. Mix with Step 2: Pour compost into large bucket. Step 3: Pour soil into the same medium sized bucket and then pour the soil into the Step 4: Mix the mixture in the large bucket with the large spoon. Step 5: Label each egg carton as fertiliser, soil, compost and also label each separate Step 6: Pour 3 cups of the mixture into an egg carton. Step 7: Pour 3 cups, each, of just soil into 2 of the egg cartons. Step 8: Plant 1 bean seed in each of empty spaces where the eggs are supposed to be. Step 9: Water the plant with equal amounts (1 cup) of water every second day at 7:00 Step 10: Each day add Expert Gardener to the egg carton which is written fertiliser on it. You add the Expert Gardener in by mixing 4L of water with 1/4 of a teaspoon of the Expert Gardener in a small container and then measure the 1 cup of this mixture to pour into the egg carton as explained in step 9. Step 11: Make sure each of the 36 plants get the same amount of sunlight each day. Step 12: Observe the plants and take done results over a period of time of 14 days. (Observe the height and number of leaves for each plant at night.) Day Compost...

347 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

347 - Essay Example A component of the program is to train staff in the implementation of the Program. This requires an understanding of various risks and techniques for identification of warning signs. Training is the most effective method for acquisition of skills, knowledge, and competencies. A training program (see Attachments) has been envisaged to fill the void created by the federal requirement. We appreciate the Arizona Department of Commerce taking an interest in helping businesses combat identity-theft through our new training program. Please feel free to call me at 12345 for any further information or have any questions about this proposal. Businesses and organizations are required by the Red Flags Rule to implement a written Identity Theft Prevention Program for detecting â€Å"red flags† or warning signs of identity theft for their day-to-day operations. The Rule applies to â€Å"financial institutions† and â€Å"creditors.† Financial institutions and creditors with covered accounts need to develop and implement a Program, which should be designed to detect and respond to red flags of identity theft based on the nature of businesses and the associated risks. The program should include four basic elements that create a framework to address threats from identity theft. Red flags are patterns of practices or specific activities that are suspicious and indicate the possibilities of identity theft. The Program should include reasonable policies and procedures for identification of red flags. The Program should be designed for detection of red flags that are identified. Appropriate action should be laid out when red flags are detected. The Program should address how the Program would be re-evaluated periodically to reflect ever-changing risks from this crime. The first written program should be approved by the board of directors or the

How service delivery can be improved through better project management Dissertation

How service delivery can be improved through better project management - Dissertation Example It gives people opportunity to share their experiences which can be assessed for further modifications in service delivery system. Through project management, the available resources can be used effectively by team members sharing their knowledge and innovative ideas (Project management course). The accessibility of project management team to the current information enables them to identify the existing problems and demands of the customers. This up-to-date knowledge would facilitate them to assess the success of the service delivery. The quality of service delivery depends on the extent to which the customer needs are satisfied; hence the better management with leadership skills can organise the process of service delivery in a better way (123eng.com). There may be times when a better-quality product fails to sustain in the market due to poor service delivery. Thus it is very necessary that the service delivery has to be managed by a well-organized and efficient management. Communic ation is one of the key factors that determine the success of service delivery.

Pericles Funeral Oration (after 490 BCE) from Thucydides, The Essay

Pericles Funeral Oration (after 490 BCE) from Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War - Essay Example Historians and scholarly readers may find this oration packed with clues and information on the culture, government and economy of Athens in Pericles’ era yet its validity raises speculations among others. The eloquence of Pericles’ testimonies, as recorded by the Greek historian Thucydides, could indeed make a reader believe his description of Athens as the real Athens. Pericles described Athenians as people with a sense of pride and a hint of arrogance as he restated their glories through every battle and the gratifying courage and character of each Athenian. He praised their ability to live their life as they wanted both in time of peace and war, and noted that they can still have pleasure and relaxations even in the time of difficulty. Athenians, as he described, acquired homes satiated with beauty and goods from their lands and from other country (Brians par.6). He further boosted the morale of the soldiers and their families as he sang in praises that â€Å"Our enemies have never yet felt our united strength† (Brians, par.7) claiming their military force to be as invincible once fought in union. This strength sterms from education and training instituted from the early ages of the Athenians therefore making them audacious and confident at every peril they may come across. Power, versatility and grace are the forces that embrace each Ath enian’s personality making them a country envied by their neighbors. He further described their government as democratic â€Å"for the administration is in the hands of the many and not of the few† – a picture of a perfect nation in the hands of the people (Brians par.7). It can be noticed that only a few words were dedicated to confer the flaws of Athens such as presence of poverty in their economy and unequal treatment for the women (Brians par.12). Instead it was soaked in positivity and praise. This speech can be a basis for

Influences on Child Stages of Development

Influences on Child Stages of Development Samra Saleem Unit 2: Understanding and Promoting Children’s Development In this assessment I will be describing the expected pattern of children’s development. I will be analysing how personal and external factors can influence a child’s development, the reasons why children’s development may not follow the expected patter and why early intervention is important when delays in development are suspected. Children’s development will usually follow an expected pattern; however children will develop at their own rate and in their own time. Understanding the pattern of child development can help to identify children who may have delays in their development and require additional support. I will be looking at child development and will be looking into Physical Development Cognitive Development Communication Development Social and Emotional Development Moral Development Physical development: physical development looks at how children attain physical movements. Physical movements are split into three different skills. Gross Motor Skills is the movement of larger limbs, for example using your arms or legs. Fine Motor Skills is when smaller movements are obtained such as using your hands to hold things and Locomotive Skill is when there are full body movements such as walking or running which requires the whole body to move. The following the expected stages of development in physical development for children: 0-6 months: at this stage babies are able to lift and turn their heads and growth and height from their time of birth. Baby’s weight may drop after birth will be gained quickly. 12-18 months: during this stage most children will develop strength in their legs and will begin to stand up without the help of another person and start walking. 3-5 years: at this stage children will be able to co-ordinate their movements. They are also gaining more control of their fine manipulative skills and are more competent in using material and scissors. 7-9 years: at this age children’s fine and gross motor skills are now well developed and they are continuing to grow in height. You will begin to notice that the child is able to write better and neater and have the ability of stability in their hands. 11-13 years: at this stage children will most likely go through puberty. This is when the child’s body will go through different stages of sexual maturation. Cognitive Development: this area of development looks at a child’s intellectual development, the way in which the brain processes information. Cognitive skills include memory, problem solving and imagination. 0-6 months: at this stage babies can recognise the sounds and smells of their mother and will be aware of their surroundings. 12-18 months: at this stage babies are becoming more aware of their routine for the day. At this age babies are able to play with more complex toys. 3-5 years: at this stage children’s concentration is growing in activities they enjoy and show a like into the activities which they would prefer. 7-9 years: at this stage children’s academic skills are developing and writing and reading become easier. At this age children will be able to take tasks such as problems solving and putting their skills into practice. 11-13 years: children are able to reason more and can solve more complex problems. Communication Development: this area of development looks at the way that children learn to communicate. Communication development includes reading and writing, verbal communication and non-verbal communication, such as gestures and body language. Even before children can say their first words, they are already capable of understanding a great deal of language. 0-6 months: at this stage new born babies communicate their needs by crying. Babies will start getting your attention when needed my makes sounds and acknowledge others by smiling. Babies at this age will also be able to differentiate between their parents and others voices. 12-18 months: by this age babies will be able to replace their blabbering with some simple vocabulary. 3-5 years: at this stage children’s vocabulary is continuing to increase and their speech will now be recognisable to most adult’s. at this age you will find that children are much more aware of their surroundings and how things happen, therefore they will start asking questions regarding incidents. 7-9 years: by this age children are able to communicate properly and hold full conversations and also the skills of writing and reading has also extended by this age. 11-13 years: at this stage children now have developed good reading and writing skills, with grammar becoming more accurate in written communication; therefore they will have the ability to write out sentences in the right structure. Social and Emotional Development: this area of development looks at children’s development of feelings and self-identity as well as the formation of relationships. This area of development also covers behaviour a child understanding what behaviour is acceptable and social skills such as feeding themselves. From when a baby is born and to their early childhood there are many changes which they undergo. 0-6 months: at these early years the babies will be able to establish a close relationship with their main carer and will settle in for feeding and for comfort from that individual. As the baby gets a little older he/she will begin to smile and show enjoyment in activities 12-18 months: at this stage the babies are likely to experience anxiety when separated from their carer and have fear of any strangers. Children in this age group start showing significant amount of interest in other children. 3-5 years: at this age children will begin to take more interest in other children around them and also engage themselves into play activities with them. 7-9 years: by this age children are going through the stage of making good friends which is a very important factor in a child’s life stage. 11-13 years: there will be a lot more changes in a child’s life at this stage as they are getting ready to move to high school. This could be a tough time for a child as they may need to leave old friends whom they may have a good relationship with and the thought of going into a new environment may stress them out as they will need to make new friends. Moral Development: this area of development is strongly linked to social an emotional development and covers the choices and decisions that children and young people make. The development of morality also covers how children react and behave towards other people and the principles and attitudes they adopt. 3-5 years: at this stage of development children are most likely to have difficulty in understanding what is considered as right and wrong choices and actions. 7-9 years: by this stage children will appreciate if they are given duties and responsibilities as by now they know what is expected of them. 11-13 years: at this age children will have an expanded understanding about the importance of why rules and boundaries are set and how to effectively follow them. A child’s development is shaped by both personal and external factors. The following are some of the factors which influence a child’s development. Personal factors Problems during pregnancy and birth: a child’s development occurs as soon as conception is taken place as soon as the egg and sperm meet. This is when the generic information for that child is determined. A well-known condition known as down syndrome is a condition caused when there is an extra chromosome present. This condition causes delays in a child’s development through learning difficulties and heart problems. babies can also be effected by their mother behaviour and attitude during pregnancy. For mothers who smoke, take drugs and consume alcohol during their pregnancy can have a high risk and harm their baby. Birth experiences can also have an influence on a child’s development. Babies who are born prematurely may have delays in their development process as well as babies who do not breathe instantly at birth could suffer from lack of oxygen to their brain and body. Health: a child’s health can also be determined by their generic factors. Factors su ch as poor health can effect a child’s development and strain physical strength. Disabilities: generic factors at birth could also lead to babies having disabilities and health conditions which they are born with. These disabilities and health issues will affect their development process. External factors Poverty: there is increasing numbers of children who are experiencing poverty. 1 in 4 children is experiencing poverty in the UK and is said to be increasing my 2020. This number relates to the relative poverty than the absolute poverty. Relative poverty is a comparison of income compared to the average income off households. These are requirements needed to live a daily life from the materialistic things and the personal possessions. Absolute poverty is a lack of basic human needs including food, shelter, warmth, sanitation, health care and education. A balanced diet in a child’s growth is very crucial for their development. Families who may not be able to afford much may end up buying cheap food which contains harmful substances for a child’s diet. These foods are often full of saturated fats, salt and sugar and consuming large amounts of these foods can lead obesity and malnutrition in children. Consumptions of such foods can result in the children being hyperactive and lethargic. Those who live in poor housing conditions may suffer from conditions such as asthma due to cold and damp housing conditions. Family backgrounds and ethics have a really important part in a child’s development as children will watch and learn from their parents and other family’s members whom they are around. As children grow older they will find themselves in situations where they will need to make decisions on their own. Negative pressure from friends could lead to a negative decision and action taken by the child. Emotional influences: children will succeed when their emotional needs are met and when they feel happy and secure. Physical reasons: a child’s physical growth can affect its overall development. If a child is suffering from difficulties in their growth this could lead to their physical development being affected too. Environmental factors: external influences such as their family structure and the education which they receive could also have an impact on a child’s development. Cultural reasons: all cultures hold different beliefs and values about their children’s upbringing. The difference in being treated due to your sex could play a part on a child’s development negatively. Social influences: family structures and lifestyle has been seen to influence a lot on a child’s development. For those children who see their parents going through a separation or divorce may be effected negatively and undergo stress. Disability: there are many disabilities a nd conditions that a child can be born with or develop. Each of these will affect a child in a different way and will impact to changing levels on their learning and development. Early intervention If a child has been suspected of having a delay in their development, at this stage it is very important to identify exactly what support is needed and receive appropriate help and support for the overall development of the child. Identifying these delays early enables the child to overcome the difficulties and develop in the area where support is needed. If conditions and development factors are identified within a child then there is an opportunity to get receiving support from the Early years childcare settings. Children attending these settings will be assigned to a key worker who is responsible for that child. The child will closely be observed and any areas of concern will be highlighted.

My Experiences in a Nursing Career Essay -- Personal Essays Career

Nursing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, It requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painter ´s or sculptor ´s work; for what is the having to do with dead canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of God ´s spirit? It is one of the Fine Arts: I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts.† Spoken by a true nurse, Florence Nightingale; a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have many goals in life such as to have a good strong career and family. What is important to me is graduating Central high school and go on to UND. While at UND I plan to get my nursing degree and specialize in pediatrics and truama. I have already started to make short term goals that will lead me in to the life of nursing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have volunteered at Altru hospital since I was in the eight grade. I have been on most of the floors from surgery to pediatrics, terminally ill to yearly check ups. This has influenced me greatly, encouraging me to go in to nursing and also to go in to a more specialized area. Volunteering helped me search my future my career until I was old enough to get my CNA and go in to the health careers class. A CNA is a certified nursing assistant. When I turned sixteen i applied for the CNA class. Three months later I became a CNA. As a junior I also took a health careers class. This class gave me a more indepth look at the choices that I could make a...

Group Communication Essay

In my opinion, group work is a type of cooperative learning that helps people to accomplish a certain task in a faster and more effective manner. Team working also helps to achieve the tasks that are impossible to finish by one individual. However, if people in a group have a lot of conflicts, group work will not be able to achieve as much as we expected. There are many reasons which lead to dissatisfaction in group work such as individualism as well as conflicts in opinion and time. Initially, I had a negative view on group working because of the challenges that I had. When I was in high school, my five other friends and I used to work together in a music competition. Although we were supposed to get together to practice for the event, we were only able to meet up once a week. In addition to having a hard time with time scheduling, we often did not have a consensus of opinion. Whenever we had a discussion, we usually ended up with no results. So it always took a long time for us to make a decision. Consequently, the performance did not turn out as well as we expected. Because of this initial failure, I thought group work was time consuming and ineffective. However, I have changed my opinion lately because of the successful results in some of my laboratory classes. In each laboratory assignment, it is nearly impossible to work by myself because there are a lot of steps and each step needs to be very precise and accurate. Therefore, a group of two or three students will work more effectively compared to an individual because they can help to remind each other and finish the assignment faster. Based on those experiences, one more time I give myself a chance to work in a group and figured out how work effectively. Finally, thank to the Small group communication class, I found out that group work can become very productive if all the members in the group cooperate and follow the principles of small group communication. In this paper, I want to talk about my recent success in my current group regarding the effectiveness of our group communication as well as my communication competence during the last four months of working together. First, I want to discuss about how we follow the principles of small group communication. Fortunately, our group usually does not have a lot of conflicts because our opinions often support each others’. While other groups need thirty minutes to make a decision, our group can make it in half of that time. I think it is one of our group biggest strength. Besides, we always favor majority viewpoints, but we also listen and analyze the idea which is different from others. For example, when we were working together in the winter survival exercise, most of the members agreed that compass is the second importance. However, Phong thought that in a heavy snow, compass was useless. After discussion, we decided to make it the sixth importance. Thanks to Phong’s opinion, we lost fewer points because compass turned out to be the most useless one. Phong is an expert with cold weather because he used to visit his friend in Alaska where the temperature usually drops under zero degrees Fahrenheit. Phong is also the most quiet group member. He only shares his opinions in the topic which he is expert of. The others group members can be considered as verbal group members because they always contribute their ideas and experiences to all discussions in the group. Regarding leadership, we only have one leader throughout because we want the leader to get used to her role. Thus, she and the group can work more effectively. Finally, I have to admit that our group is not a creative group, but we have one member who is such a creative person. Again, in the winter survival activity, I thought the old newspapers were totally useless, but Lan came up with a creative idea that it could be used to keep warm. She said she often see people who are homeless use old news papers as their blankets. At last, it turned out that the newspaper worked even better than clothes. Because of following well those principles, our group has gradually worked more effectively. Secondly, I want to mention our group climate. In my opinion, our group has a supportive climate. Each member is willing to help other members in the group to complete their tasks. Our group favors description compared to evaluation. Instead of criticizing others’ behaviors and ideas, we often tell our feelings about problems. All the group members always encourage each other to share their opinions and feelings with the group. Even though some opinions are too conflicting, the main purpose is trying to give all the members equal opportunities to talk about their ideas. Thus, the success of the group is the consequence from the equal contributions of all the members. Besides, in most of the discussions of our group, we are oriented toward problem solving; therefore, we look for the consensus of the ideas in order to solve the problems effectively and quickly. Because our group has many members who have senses of humor, we always maintain an interesting and comfortable atmosphere to gain assertiveness in the group. Sometimes, Ngoc and Phong share their experiences of how they solve their families’ problems. Through perceiving more deeply about each member’s own life, we have gradually gotten closer together; therefore, we are always honest and open to each other. Also, we do not criticize when a group member cannot finish his or her task as expected because there are always personal issues out of the class. In addition to empathy, I think that provisionalism is one of the factors that helps the group to do well. In life, there is nothing certain, so we do not expect everything to be absolutely perfect. We only try our best and hope for a deserved result. To sum up, with a supportive climate, our group can take advantage of group work regardless of difficulties that people usually have when working in a group. Also, our group does not have a difficult group member because we are cooperative and responsible for our tasks. Moreover, all the members are always willing to cover the missing roles to get the work done. I think that the supportive climate in our group really helps us to work better. In addition to the success of the group communication, I think that my communication competence is one of the most important factors. In most of the Vietnamese family, parents often attempt to have their children follow some particular rules especially being polite and respecting elders. Because I am not an exception from those Vietnamese children, I always follow those rules whenever I communicate to others in the family and in the society as well. For example, when I work in my present group whose members are different ages, I usually listen to the opinions of the older members before sharing mine. I feel that they have more experiences than I do about life. Also, I truly respect others ideas even though sometimes they are really opposed to mine such as the idea about the importance of the rope in the moon survival. I thought the rope was useless but it was thought to be the most important tool which was used to connect people together by another member. I thought it was actually reasonable in some way. Another rule in my communication is that I try to keep myself from being different. Therefore, if my opinion is opposed to the others, I hardly argue with them because I think it is best to keep a friendly and peaceful environment in a group. Accordingly, my present group always has less conflict. Thus, I think that the way I work and communicate in the group also helps the group to perform better. In the last part of his paper, I want to mention the roles and leadership in our group. Each member in the group has their own roles and tasks. First, Trang, our leader, is an energizer and a tension reliever. She loves to joke around her group members. In addition, she always gives funny ideas to make other members laugh and relieve tension. Next, Lan is a summarizer and a process observer who often listens to the ideas of all the members in her group. Then, she collects information and summarizes the group’s opinions. Besides, She usually laughs and makes jokes which helps to release the tense atmosphere in the group. Ngoc is an information and opinion giver and a communication facilitator who often shares her ideas and speaks clearly to help other members in the group easily understand her. Also, when an idea of a group member sounds too complicated and confusing, she is the one who makes it simpler to understand. I am also an information and opinion giver and an encourager of participation. I love to give my opinions of the group activities. Also, I often ask questions to have other members participate in the group. Finally, Phong and Chau are information and opinion seekers. While Phong researches information online, Chau often represents our group to communicate with other groups for more information and ideas. Lan and Trang are considered themselves as clowns because they are the funniest members in our group. Every one of us kept laughing with their interesting ideas. Because all the members have specific tasks to focus on, whenever the group is assigned, each member tries their best to accomplish their tasks; therefore, this increases cohesiveness in the group. Working this way, we ask for the responsibilities of each member in the group. Therefore, we always encourage and help each other to do things better. Finally, I want to mention the leadership role in our group. Initially, Lan was assigned to be our leader in the ball tossing activity. However, Trang emerged as a leader in the winter survival activity. She always encourages the group members to work harder, and she gives interesting and funny opinions to relieve our tension. At the end, she is the one who summarizes the group opinion and makes the final decision. We as a group think that Trang is a democratic model with participating style. When the group members are willing to share their ideas, Trang becomes a listener. She respects the others’ ideas, and her decisions always fit most of the members. Therefore, with a good leader and a specific role for each member, all the assignments have become easier when we work together. Through four months working together, I finally realized that if we all cooperate and follow the principles of small group communication, group work will be an excellent approach to solve any problem. I have experienced and learned many things from my present group. At the beginning, I was considered as a quiet group member because I rarely shared my ideas with others. However, there were some cases that my ideas might have helped if I had shared. I kept thinking about it and I had been trying to communicate more often; and eventually, I am the one who gives most of the ideas to the group. Also, I have learned that we need to be responsible for our tasks. If a person in the group does not finish his or her task, it will affect everyone in the group and the initial task cannot be accomplished. If I have a chance to work in a group in the future, I will try to follow all the factors that help my current group to perform really well.

Halloween Costume Ideas for Book Lovers

Halloween Costume Ideas for Book Lovers For book lovers everywhere, Halloween is an excuse to dress up as your favorite character and- even if just for a night- bask in the fictional world an author has created (while perhaps enjoying some trick or treat chocolate in the process). Thats why weve compiled a list of some of the most recognizable literary characters, along with advice and links to help you put the costume together.Scarlett OHara and Rhett ButlerGone with the Wind by Margaret MitchellScarlett OHara and Rhett Butler, from Margaret Mitchells Gone With the Wind, are one of the most widely recognized literary couples. From Rhetts infamous Frankly my dear line to Scarletts irresistible Southern belle charm, their love will go down in history as being as volatile as the war-torn lands burning down around them.You can get as detailed and creative with this one as you want, and for the lady, Scarletts infamous curtain dress is obviously a great choice. For the bookworms who have read Gone With the Wind, youll remember that Scarlett wore a very special green dress to visit Rhett in jail. What made it special, of course, was that she made it from the moss-green curtains that were an OHara family heirloom.Here are our Scarlett OHara and Rhett Butler costume ideas. Sources: Fun World Womens Gone with The Wind-Scarlet OHara Costume, 1920s Movie Star MoustacheHester Prynne and Arthur DimmesdaleThe Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel HawthorneHester Prynne is the highly recognizable protagonist of Nathaniel Hawthornes novel, The Scarlet Letter, and is a woman facing social condemnation at the hands of her Puritan neighbors. After believing her husband to be dead, Hester finds comfort in the arms of the local minister Arthur Dimmesdale and bears his daughter, Pearl. Because Hester has no husband with her, she is imprisoned, convicted of the crime of adultery, and sentenced to be forced to wear a prominent scarlet letter A for the rest of her life.To make Hester Prynne come alive for Halloween haunts, all you ne ed is a puritan costume and a way to put the letter A on it- just like Hester Prynne was forced to do. Of course, a sewn red letter would look most realistic, but if youre in a rush, a letter made of red paper or tape can work, as well. For the ministers costume, any black robe with a cross hanging from it will get the idea across.Check out these costume ideas for Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. Sources: California Costumes Pilgrim Woman Settler, Priest Shirt CostumeLisbeth SalanderThe Girl with the Dragon Tattoo by Stieg LarssonCreated by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson, Lisbeth Salander- the punk protagonist of the Millennium Series- is one of literatures most captivating tattooed women. As a lead character, alongside journalist Mikael Blomkvist, Lisbeth fights, blackmails and researches her way into capturing several sexual predators, and does so while being described as a pale, skinny young woman with short hair and a pierced nose and eyebrow. She also rides a m otorcycle and doesnt forget any injustices done to her.Among several other tattoos, her most famous is the dragon tattoo that runs across her entire back, so for costume- this detail will need to be improvised. While short wigs are available to make her punk hairstyle doable, you can find a collection of magnetized or stick-on jewelry to make the facial piercings (except obviously without the pain). A spiked collar and leather jacket will complete the Lisbeth Salander look, and of course, any shirt or dress with a dragon on it. For anyone wanting a truly detailed costume, temporary tattoos of dragons are a good idea.To dress up like Lisbeth Salander, check out these ideas. Sources: Large Dragon Temporary Tattoos, Choker Collar NecklaceKatniss EverdeenThe Hunger Games by Suzanne CollinsWhen Suzanne Collins created Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games, she not only created a memorable image of the young rebel archer- she also created a great look for a Halloween costume for any young bookwork flying solo on Halloween. As the leader of the rebellion against the Capitol, Katniss is a great literary character to commemorate and would be widely recognized by readers of all ages, particularly if you incorporate the three-finger salute throughout your night of haunting.Katniss stands apart with her practical braided ponytail and archery set. Her costume varies throughout the books and movies but remains mostly leather jackets and knee-high boots over various apocalyptic basic T-shirts and cargo pants. Her signature Mockingjay pin also completes the look and can be purchased online.Here are some costume ideas for Katniss Everdeen. Sources: The Hunger Games Deluxe Katniss Costume, The Hunger Games Movie Mockingjay Prop Rep Pin

7 Tips to Learn New Skills Fast

7 Tips to Learn New Skills Fast Everybody has their own reasons to learn new skills. Some need them for work, some because of the changes, caused by various life events, some choose to do it just because its fun. Wherever your motivation lies, mastering a new skill in a quicker and more efficient way will certainly benefit you. Weve collected 7 tips to help you do this. Pick the one to your liking or try combining all of them! Stare Steal In the vast majority of cases learning a new skill is not a matter of being naturally gifted. Its rather a combination of perseverance and practice. The research suggests, that to get started on this way you are to do two highly important things: stare at people doing something you want to learn and dont hesitate to use your observations in practice. Go to master classes, recitals or tournaments and turn them into a study session from an entertaining activity. Staring means close examining of what helps a person do something proficiently. Stealing is using these little details in your own activities. For instance, if you aim at learning how to play the piano – watch the moves of the musician and do your very best to notice special tilt of the wrist and the way they touch those ivories. And when you go back home, mimic the manners. This principle applies to lots of spheres of activities. Take it and use it. Deconstruct Learning a new skill gets far more manageable when you dissect it into several constituents. A functional model of doing this in an effective way was suggested by Tim Ferris, an expert on learning issues. He has come up with DiSSS system: Deconstruction, Selection, Sequencing and Stakes. So, first you have to break down the skill into small bricks. Then you choose the way of applying 20% of effort, thats going to bring 80% result. Next, you are to think of the best order to learn the blocks of the skill. Last but not least, you need to come up with a system of praise and punishment, thats going to motivate you to actually go all the way through. Lets say your goal is learning how to play the guitar. To begin, you need to learn a set of chords, necessary to play a couple of your favorite songs. Having looked through the list, you may range them from the easiest to the most complicated ones. Then, start practicing, gradually increasing the difficulty level. Dont stop until youve come to the first evident result. Once youre there – throw a little party and perform for your guests. If youre not – dont go out until you reach the needed result. See? DiSSS in action! Dont Be Afraid to Be Stupid Thats one of the most common fears. Dont let it stand in the way of your learning new, amazing things. Ask questions and make mistakes – thats a sure recipe of getting not theoretical knowledge, but hands-on experience, which is a much shorter way to succeeding in a new area. Dont hesitate to take risks and make scary decisions. Going the safe, correct way may deprive you of the opportunity to engage into an interesting journey, that will actually be far more beneficial in the end. Who knows, maybe the stupid question you ask on the forum will lead to unexpected fascinating circumstances? Maybe the way you cook that meal is even better than the original recipe? Be a daring explorer and have fun with it. â€Å"No† to Routine The study has shown, that changing the way of practice is more advantageous than mere repetition of the action. The participants were asked to attend several training sessions, aimed at teaching them to move a cursor with the help of a device, that responded to squeezing. Representatives of one group were asked to perform different exercises during the sessions, while people from the other one stuck to a single exercise pattern. In the end, participants from the first batch showed better results, having demonstrated higher level of ability to adjust to new conditions as well as better overall performance. Although the research concentrated on motor skills, the approach is applicable to other ones just as well. For example, when you learn a new language, you may either simply repeat and revise new words or use them in different constructions or word games. In fact, youll see the benefits of the second method quite soon. Dont Make Things Difficult Thats simply a matter of common sense. The best practices of learning the skill youve chosen have probably already been established. So dont reinvent the wheel. Watch a couple of YouTube tutorials or go through articles, devoted to the topic. It never hurts to use others experience. Once you learn the basics, youll get a chance to create your own routes. Be a Doer, Not Just a Learner Going through theoretical basis is definitely a good start. However, if youve decided that to learn the skill you need to read 10 classic books, devoted to the topic, you are most probably wrong. If you dont see the first result of your practice soon, youre very likely to lose all the interest. Dont let this happen. So, if you want to learn how to cook, for example, get down to business as soon as possible. You may seek inspiration from different sources later. However, at the starting point you need to be as down-to-earth as possible. Cook that salad and youll get to the bouillabaisse faster. Discomfort Is a Friend People love being comfortable. Nevertheless, relaxation is not good if you want to master a new ability quickly. Your brain feels that the environment is safe and warm, thus, you shouldnt try any harder. Thats why putting yourself in rather tough conditions is actually good. The best-performing schools and training facilities often look pretty basic and definitely are far from luxury. So, dont get too comfy and try to avoid distractions. This technique will facilitate learning, enhance your performance and make you even happier, when you praise yourself with a little something, having made progress. Learning is an adventure, where the prizes are guaranteed, in case you pay enough effort and diligence. Have an awesome one!

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Leadership - Essay Example As mentioned above, schools obviously function as an open system, taking input from the environment, putting it through a transformative process and producing the changed product back into the environment. The second major frameworks schools function in is rational. A rational system is a system which attempts to achieve a specific goal with maximum efficiency. Though schools have a wide variety of goals, they are often very specific: they want to educate students to the point that they meet required standards (whether the standards are set by a school board, an accredited body, or the school itself). They seek to give students a balanced life, by providing access to education (in the form of physical education classes) and food along with academic pursuits. So clearly schools meet the first part of the definition of a rational system: they have specific goals. Schools also try to meet these goals in as efficient methods as possible; they employ teachers with enough experience to cov er multiple subject areas (such as physical education and another subject), they try to economize by using textbooks which will not become outdated quickly or can be used for multiple classes. So clearly they meet the second definition of a rational system.

Customer Relationship Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Customer Relationship Management - Essay Example One of the key change agents that has in recent times been seen to have grown in critical importance for companies involves technology. Technology has played a major role in redefining nearly all aspects of business in the modern world (Bidgoli, 2010). It has been key in the facilitation of the gradual shift of power into the hands of the general consumer after moving it from the organization. The greatly empowered customers of the modern world are acutely aware of the immense power that they now wield. By utilizing the internet, customers are now able share information that helps bring them close to not only other customers but also to the organization. The shared feedback, information and various opinions are now generally available to one and all at a rate that can be viewed to be almost instantaneous. It is mainly due to this reason that it organizations cannot be able to ignore social media as a medium of communication (Flynn, 2012). Marketing managers have resulted to learn how to properly utilize this medium so as to be able to effectively manage the relationship that their companies and organizations happen to enjoy with their various customers, this is especially so in light of the fact that social media has proven to be both the bane as well as the boom to most organizations. Marketers are now using social networking to provide prompt customer redress. There is a lot of pressure being exerted on companies forcing them to constantly ensure that they are always on their guard due to the fact that customer reactions on the internet tend to generally happen on an instantaneous live basis. In the event that there happens to be any adverse feedback or shared opinion by a single individual dissatisfied customer, the opinion can quickly spread all over the internet and spearhead a campaign that can have the results of critically harming an organization or company. When used effectively, the internet can serve to help an organization to effectively build up it s customer relationship as well as sufficiently strengthen the existing relationship (Kurtz and Boone, 2010). It can greatly serve to help companies in their attempts to reach out to single individual customer a situation which would otherwise have been deemed as being impossible. The Marketing Organizations have not only taken to communicating with their customers on an individual basis, but with the aid of various data mining techniques as well as the effective use of various technologies, they now better understand all their customer’s needs. This has been seen to greatly help customers in the development of customized solutions that have been specifically tailored to try and effectively address the various needs of a specific given individual customer. Companies and organizations such as Airlines, Insurance companies, Banks and various service industry players such as MacDonald’s and Pizza hut have been able to achieve these developments and have built emotional co nnections with their customers by implementing the use of technology and various CRM packages. The various dynamics that are involved in marketing have in

Comparative criminal justice systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comparative criminal justice systems - Essay Example This has inspired innovation but it has also led people to try illegal ways of getting money. The gaige kaifang (literally means opening up and reforms) policy has also invited new types of crime to the Chinese society from other places including the west. Advancement in the legal system in China was backtracked by several factors including the cold war, world war two, and the disruptive political campaigns that followed after that. Real reform began in 1970 when legal institutions began to be formed (Gelatt, 2001). The renmin jiancha yua (procuratorate) is the agency that prosecutes criminal offences. The agency has evolved over the years from the one the emperors used to the present day system. For instance, the imperial secretary position has evolved into the present day public prosecutor. The procuratorate is part and parcel of the government and it is mandated by the National People’s Congress. Unlike in the United States where there are various legislations that are created by the different states to meet their unique legal requirements, China’s system has only one code that is applied across the board (Gelatt,

Library System Essay Example for Free

Library System Essay 2. When the computer introduced to the people before, some of them doubt the efficacy and some just ignored it. The computer is one of the products of the technology. Nowadays the technology has always new innovation to cope up with the people’s everyday activities. Today we used the computer as part of our daily activities to support our needs for the computation purposes, communications, recording transactions and other things that we will need the computer’s help. Having this machine make our work efficiently and effectively, this make our work faster and less time of doing manual routines just to have an output for our work. Now, Information management is the systems and techniques involved in effectively compiling and manipulating useful data. These is used for all the systems for providing an accuracy and recording data in order for easy reviewing and retrieval. In the field of academe, The Library Information System is in need with these for them to have a reliable and accurate data. Table of Content Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Project Context. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Purpose and Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Scope and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 Review of Related Literature/system . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8 Technical Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 List of Figures, List of Tables, List of Notations . . . 9-12 Introduction Schools set the various pedagogical changes to achieve the current level of education in our country. Because of the growing numbers of computer users, this became an effective medium to demonstrate the knowledge and skills of the students. From the traditional searching process for the books in the libraries, the interactive usage of computers can be now addressed as part of the library system. Project Context The system will be more helpful the university’s library. This will be more efficient in doing the task in a specific time. The system will be used by the librarian for inventory, recording and other purposes for keeping the information in the library. For them to keep track of their records. The system will interact to the accounting system of the university, for payment purposes of the borrowed books that have a penalty for not returned in a given period. The users of this system will interact to this system by scanning the barcode of the books for inventory and borrowing. Encoding of the description of the books for newly acquired books, and the cataloging of the books. 1 Purpose and Description UNC-LIS is the automation of all data and transactions within the library, it will handle all the information’s and data in the library of the university. The UNL-LIS is an application that allows for the retrieval of metadata of books available in a library data store. The user allows using barcode scanner for inventory the library assets and borrowing of books for easy retrieval of datas. A UNC-LIS for a university keeps track of all unreturned books and periodicals in the library and their check-out status. Checkout and return are automated through a bar code scanner (an external device). The library system also interfaces with an external relational database which stores information about the library users (students and stuff), including whether they have any library items checked out. . Library users can access the catalog and recall books and periodicals. As well as additional capabilities the system can easily generate reports such as listing of unreturned books, borrowed books, students that secured library card and listing of current books.

Terrorism has become a major concern in todays world

Terrorism has become a major concern in todays world Terrorism is widespread around the world. On September 11, 2001, the attacks on New York not only inflicted thousands of casualties and significant economic damage, but also marked the beginning of a new era of terror in which counter-terrorism has become one of the highest priorities for international institutions and national governments. Ruinous events including the modern attacks in Madrid, London, Bali, and Mumbai have placed fights against terrorism high on the political agenda. As a result, many governments reacted not only by limiting civil rights and individual freedoms but also by raising their budgets for anti-terror spending. Terrorism is stated as one of the main challenges to global security. This has led to terrorism affecting a national social and economic development. Hence, the most critical evolution of a strategy is how to reduce the threat and result of catastrophic terrorism while protecting public liberties. This essay will describe and analyze the economic cos ts and overall consequences of terrorism for society, and thus provide and evaluate several practicable solutions to counter-terrorism. These include governmental aids and international cooperation strategies. Terrorism has a complicated definition that has spread all over history appropriately describes in many expressions. Among the variety of definitions of the term are: to create regular social activity difficult; to make high image impact on the public with the goal of destroying public confidence in their own government; to seek revenge on everything without justice; to cause as much casualties as possible; and to make physical suffering and stupefying psychological emotions, such as a sense of grief, anxiety, fear, unrest, chaos, anger and panic (Drummond 2002; Loza 2007). Terrorism in reaction to political power or ideology is not a new phenomenon. This type of political violence and crime has occurred since the dawn of human chronicle. The nature of this form of political conflict has changed over time, though, developing from domestic activities to regional and international events. Because of this, terrorism has become an experience shared by many individuals, organizations, and states. Nowadays, global terrorism has become a severe actuality in society. In the 19th century, some of the most famous events of terrorism happened by anarchists who murdered many political leaders. There are several reasons have given for the use of terrorist movements. Franks (2009) points out that terrorist activities are advanced plans and beyond public expectation, the main elements are shocking, and illegal violence versus common people and non-armed personnel for the sake of threatening or forcing civilian population or a government to accept an underlying ideology of terrorism or armed attack of demands. Terrorist events are depicted according to the dynamic type of uncertainty. For instance, terrorists use suicide bombings, armed attacks, and kidnapping, to accomplish goals of inflicting damage against the military, people and government. Whatever terrorist attacks depend on, the terrorist facilities and locations and time of occurrence will bring different outcomes. Terrorism has critically affected international economic harmony between the economy and led to panic. Recently, developments in terrorist acts, in particular the 9/11 events have created vast collapses in the global economy. Lenain et al. (2002) mentioned that nearly 200,000 jobs were devastated and people have been forced to move out of New York City, and this is only temporary minimum. Manhattan has lost scores of businesses and about 30 percent of its office places have vanished. Furthermore, the damage of physical property was calculated sum of $14 billion for private businesses, thus the state and local government had spent at least $1.5 billion enterprises and $700 million for federal government. Following the cleanup, rescue and related costs have been calculated the sum of $11 billion. For trade and commercial assets, casualty insurers, the calculated costs arising from the 9/11 attacks in total $40 billion U.S. dollars. (Brown et al. 2002).The global tourism, financial mark ets and the airline industries had a huge collision in short-term effect. Despite the global economy has recovered from the 9/11 event and adapting to the new global realities, thus the asset markets that around the world can feel the longer-term impact of security risk in high-risk premiums, also the handling terrorism in substitution for resources. In terms of its economic impact, the 9/11 attacks exacerbated the defects already observed seen in the global economy in 2001. Abadie and Gardeazabal (2008) state that before the terrorist attacks, great economic depression in the United States had already increased unemployment and equally revealed global total demand fell on the back of weakness in the United States economy. Based on purchaser and merchant surveys, demonstrated decline in the overall confidence measured in the United States due to 9/11 attacks, and in other countries with similar in extent measure. Therefore, counter-terrorism procedures are required in order to settl e the social, cultural and governmental panic caused by terrorism. As the result of the terrorism has destroyed the whole world economical conditions, if the society and the government want to return to the regular path and operation, counter-terrorism can be the only solution. Terrorism not only causes social problems, but inevitably aggravates international stability. That is why security is to encourage by governments to improve counter-terrorism in seven different methods: Development of terrorist detailed databases and relevant intelligence gathering; Creation and use of third-force, by means of build special military units, or Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams to deal with terrorist cases (Branscomb, 2004); Countries should signing and complete of new treaties; Adequate use and development of anti-terrorist technologies; Extended use of counter-terrorism intelligence and justice; Signing and implement of new laws in violation of national and international terrorism (Boulden, 2009); Keep suspected terrorists and their supporters under su rveillance. Therefore, governments could built an anti-terrorism systems; such a system brings together advanced and diverse and technologies, reconnaissance missions, persistent intelligence and surveillance, to potential actions. Another valuable way to defeat terrorism is by refusing resources to the terrorists. As Sandler and Enders (2004) emphasized, it is more productive to deny terrorists resources of financing, support groups, weapons, propaganda, recruits and intelligence. Rather than trying to protect wealth at risk which is extraordinarily hard or impossible in view of the extremely large amount of purpose and substitute possibilities. With use these ways to resist terrorism will control the terrorist activities in actuality or potency. The scope of international cooperation and mutual support should range from local law enforcement and first responders to corporations, states and regions, up to and including nations and international organizations. For example, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is an institution that combats terrorism at the international level that includes Russia, China, and the central Asia republics, sharing intelligence and has a training program in Bishkek (Intriligator, 2009). Another suggestion has been the collection and timely analysis of superior intelligence, both human and technologically be captured. Although the aims of counter terrorism require nations cooperation, government agencies lack for a common definition of the term terrorism. Thus, there have some of the perplexities that impede effectively counter-terrorism, these include the lacking of cooperation; not only between countries that may have helpful terrorist information, but also among state agencies who have an intere st in monitoring terrorism. Mass of these entities are refuse to share information to each other, especially secret intelligence, only when they believe that it is in their short-term political benefits. Also, countries will need to rely more on good informants. Stewar (2009) claim that the confidential nature of anti-terrorist organizations, including the inability to develop appropriate sources, and the lack of expertise in appropriate foreign languages caused many intelligence make it difficult for agencies to obtain detailed information on terrorist organizations. Therefore, states should develop a holistic national database to track suspected terrorists and to permit criminal justice to integrate the appropriate infrastructure. These plausible solutions will most definitely be useful in practicing counter-terrorism. In conclusion, counter terrorism will become an ineluctable part of our lives. Even though the immediate economic influence of the 9/11 events was devastating, consumer confidence and the stock markets recovered rapidly. Public cost on military operations and security is rising. The governments use counter-force in terms of anti-terrorism, carrying out passive sanction in reality and disincentive policy to presumptive terrorists to reduce the event of terrorism. Countries and their national security agencies must also carefully balance the personal freedoms of citizens versus that of the pursuit of terrorists. Otherwise, there would be a lot of repression and the legitimacy of the existing regime would be questionable. In reprisal of terrorist actions, there is always the possibility of collateral damage, especially when innocent civilians are detained, injury of death and when property is damaged or destroyed. Terrorist attacks will cause economic social and political panic; therefo re, every country should adopt complete policies and operations to resist terrorism, through governmental aids and international cooperation strategies. By solving the problems caused by terrorism, nationals will indubitably draw closer to a more harmonious and peaceful world. References ¼Ã… ¡ Abadie, A Gardeazabal, J 2008, Terrorism and the world economy, European Economic Review, vol. 52, pp. 1-27. Boulden, J 2009, Terrorism and civil wars, Royal Military College of Canada, vol. 11, no.1, pp.5-21. Branscomb, L 2004, Protecting civil society from terrorism: the search for a sustainable strategy, Technology in Society, vol. 26, pp. 271-285. Brown, JR, Kroszner, RS Jenn, BH 2002, Federal terrorism risk insurance, Nberworking Paper, vol. 9271. Drummond, JT 2002. How to fight terrorism: alternatives to deterrence, Defence and Peace Economics, vol. 14, pp. 237-249. Franks, J 2009, Rethinking the roots of terrorism: beyond orthodox terrorism theory-a critical research agenda, Global Society, vol. 23, No. 2, pp154-176. Intriligator, MD 2009, The economics of terrorism, Economic Inquiry, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 1-13. Lenain, P Bonturi, M V 2002 The economic consequences of terrorism, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Discussion Paper, vol. 20, pp. 22-30. Loza, W 2007, The psychology of extremism and terrorism: a Middle-Eastern perspective, Aggression and Violent Behavior, vol.12, pp.141-155. Sandler, T. and Enders, W. 2004, An economic perspective on transnational terrorism,European Journal of Political Economy, vol.20,pp.301-316. Stewar, MG 2009 , Risk-informed decision support for assessing the costs and benefits of counter-terrorism protective measures for Infrastructure, International Journal of Critical Infrastructur protection, vol. 3,pp.29-40.

The Ins and Outs of the Music Industry Essay -- Music

I propose that all unsigned rising artist should target the business side of the music industry to be successful in the entertainment business because it allows the artist to be taken seriously and make solid connections that can further his/her career. Learning the works of the music industry also enables a new artist to be further successful and profitable. Recent studies show that most new artists without professional representation and a business mindset have a slimmer chance in getting signed to major or independent labels (Lowry, 2011). Overall, the specific change needed is that unsigned artists should be concentrating on their careers as professionals and not amateurs, thus focusing on the ins and outs of the music business and how they can obtain success, generate profit, and endure longevity. Furthermore, learning the fundamentals of the music business is beneficial in many ways. If unsigned artist focused more attention on nurturing their talent to its highest potential, then their chance at reaching success would be greater. According to The Tipping Point, â€Å"The success of any kind of social epidemic is heavily dependent on the involvement of people with a particular and rare set of social gifts†. In other words, talents are needed and the only way to achieve that is if you work continuously hard. Moreover, if new artist become proficient in their talent along with hard work, then success becomes reachable and introduces the theory that, if an artist works hard then they are able to play hard. Studying this deeper, understand that as an artist, beginner or veteran, the idea for commercial success is to know your business. Realize that building a team is a number one priority; most new artist overlook this ... ...). Retrieved May 3, 2012, from About.com. Carmichael, G. (2009, may 12). The Tipping Point Part 4 and 5. Retrieved May 7, 2012, from examiner.com Dictionary.com. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2012, from Itunes. Goldstein, J. (n.d.). Three Methods to Getting Openers and Supporting Slots. Retrieved May 6, 2012, from Music Biz Academy HONSBERGER, S. (2011, Janurary 19). 7 Tips For Maintaining Relationships In The Music Business. Retrieved May 7, 2012, from MusicThinkTank.com Jonny. (2008, September 24). iTunes finally opens up to unsigned acts. Retrieved may 6, 2012, from Distorted-Loop.com Kaufman, A. (2010, April 9). Pop & Hiss: The L.A Times Music Blog. Retrieved May 3, 2012. Kellie, N. (2011, February 15). Maintain a Career in Music. Retrieved May 7, 2012, from Jamplay.com Lowry, D. (2011, November 11). Why 99% of Indies Dont Get Signed. Retrieved May 02, 2012.

Finding the Ratio of Moles of Reactants in a Chemical Equation

Finding the Ratio of Moles of Reactants in a Chemical Reaction Purpose: The goal of the lab is to determine the mole ratio of two reactants in a chemical reaction (AgNO3 and K2CrO4). However, the formulas for the products are unknown. Introduction: When determining the molar ratio of a chemical equation, usually the formulas of the reactants and the products are known. With that information, it is particularly easy to determine the ratio. However, since the products and the formulas for the products are unknown, another property of the reaction must be analyzed to find the ratio.This property depends on the amount of the product formed or on the amount of reactant that remains. Properties may include the color intensity due to the product, the mass of the precipitate that forms, or the volume of a gas evolved. In this experiment, the method of continuous variations will be used to determine the mole ratio of two reactants. With this method, the total number of moles of reactants is k ept constant for the series of measurements. The property that is going to be measured is the change in temperature.The temperature change, or the heat produced, will be directly proportional to the amount of reaction occurs and to the total extent of it. The optimum ratio, which is the ratio of the reactants in the balanced chemical reaction, will form the greatest amount of product, or generate the most heat, and will be key to determining the molar ratio. Corrosive liquids, which burn the skin, will be used in the experiment. When this liquid reacts with acid, a toxic gas will formed. Keep away from the gas and protect your skin and clothing.Work in a fume hood or well-ventilated lab. Wear chemical splash goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, and a chemical-resistant apron. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before leaving the laboratory. The molar ratio of the reactants is the ultimate goal of the lab. In order to achieve that, secondary observations on the temperature chan ge will have to be made and analyzed. The data and graph made after the data is attained will assist in that. Procedure: 1) Obtain 2 beakers with 175mL of NaClO in one and 175mL of â€Å"Solution B† in another. ) Measure the temperature of each and make sure they are the same. 3) Measure 5. 0mL of NaClO and 45. 0mL of â€Å"Solution B† with the appropriate graduated cylinders and add them to a Styrofoam cup. 4) Stir the solution with a thermometer, and record the max temperature reached. 5) Pour the solution out, rinse the cup, and repeat steps 1-4 using a different ratio of the two substances, keeping the total volume at 50. 0mL. 6) Continue testing various ratios until you have at least 3 measurements on either side of the peak temperature difference.Conclusion: When the formula of the products are unknown in a chemical reaction, experiments must be done to find the mole ratio of the reactants. In our experiment, we used the method of continous variations to determin e to the mole ratio of the two reactants. The property measured was the change of temperature, as indicated in the data table. The method of continous variations keeps the total number of moles of reactants constant through a series of titrations.Each titration varies the mole fraction of each reaction from mixture to mixture by adjusting the ratio of NaClO to Na2SO3, which is also indicated in the data table. Theoretically, the maximum temperature change occurs when teh mole fraction of the reactants is closest to the actual stoichiometric mole ratio, which signals the mole ratio based on the mole fraction in the titration. According to the analysis, the mole ratio is 1:2 in the order of NaClO to Na2SO3.This ratio was concluded by the graph, in which the lines of best fit were extrapolated to intersect at the optimum ratio point. However, there was room for error when measuring the liquids in each titration. The measurements weren't always exact which could affect the change in tem perature. Also, when measuring the temperature it might not have been exact due to inconsistent stirring. Nonetheless, the goal of the lab was to find the mole ratio of the two reactants and it was concluded to be 1:2.

Robinson Crusoe Essays (2024 words) - English-language Films

Robinson Crusoe Essays (2024 words) - English-language Films Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe is credited with writing the first long fiction novel in literary history. Drawing from established literary genres such as the guide and providence traditions and the spiritual biography, Defoe endeavored to illustrate the life of a man who tempted Providence to his ruine (Defoe 13) and the consequences of such actions. While stranded alone on an island the character of Robinson Crusoe seems to have a religious epiphany about the role of Providence in his life and resolves to live in accordance with God's will. However, Crusoe's internal reflections throughout his narrative and his actions do not correlate, causing the reader to question the validity of this conversion. By examining the plot and the process of psychological change Crusoe undergoes, it becomes apparent that he experiences and accepts divine control but that control can only be realized in the free context he has himself created (359). When push comes to shove, Crusoe reverts to human instinct and his own impulses rather than what he perceives to be the will of Providence. Crusoe uses his newfound religion only when convenient and as a means to justify his actions and an acceptable reason for everything unfortunate that happens. When he finally does leave the island and returns to society, Crusoe's faith is tested and fails miserably, with practically no mention of Providence towards the end of the story. At the beginning of the novel, Crusoe introduces himself and establishes that his narrative is a memoir of sorts, and is told while looking through more experienced, wise eyes than when he originally experienced his story. This is important to note, because his discourse is shaded with hindsight and interpreted through a mind that has come to accept Providence's hand in his life. For example, when the Turks capture Crusoe and he is enslaved, he reflects by saying, now the Hand of Heaven had overtaken me, and I was undone without Redemption. But alas! This was but a Taste of the Misery I was to go thro' (15). Because Crusoe is recalling the events from memory, as well as the lack of input from any other characters, his reliability can be questioned as a narrator. An unreliable narrator is one who may be in error in his or her understanding or report of things and who thus leaves readers without the guides needed for making judgements. For this reason, the reality of Crusoe's religious conversion later in the novel can be questioned as well as his interpretation of events. Crusoe begins by telling about his defiance of his father's wishes and advice. Crusoe's father advises him not to go to sea and suffer the same fate as his brother, now dead, and pursue a life in the Middle of two Extremes, between the Mean and the Greatto have neither poverty or riches (5). This ideal is reminiscent of Puritanism and its doctrine that discouraged the pursuit of wealth and power. Crusoe was sincerely affected with this Discourse, which was truly Prophetick (6), but its effects wore all off of him and he goes to sea anyway, seeking fortune and adventure. This action proves later to be very consistent with Crusoe's character, as he repeatedly is affected by the great, life-changing events in a spiritual sense, but with time these effects seem to wear off. This event is also colored as Crusoe's original sin, as none of the terrible events that happen later would have occurred if he had followed his father's advice. After an interesting chain of events, Crusoe finds himself shipwrecked upon an island while making a voyage to buy slaves. While trying to make sense of his condition, he falls very ill and cries out to God, Lord look upon me, Lord pity on me, Lord have Mercy upon me (64). Crusoe makes this first attempt at a relationship with God while in a very dire situation, not during his everyday life, making his religion that of convenience. Crusoe has a dream while ill and after experiencing an earthquake, seeing a terrible man descend from the heavens, declaring, Seeing all these Things have not brought thee to Repentance, now thou shalt die (65). This passage sounds quite like a Puritan sermon, with its